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Carbon Footprint of Mumbai
Maharashtra, India · Pop. 21.0 million · 2022 data
2.4tonnes CO₂eper capita
+26% vs India avg (1.9t)50.3 Mt total
Based on 2022 data from C40 Cities / Mumbai Climate Action Plan. Figures represent scope 1 and 2 emissions. Use our calculators for personal estimates.
Key Takeaway
Mumbai's high population density keeps per-capita emissions relatively low, but total emissions are substantial due to its massive population.
720
gCO₂/kWh grid
12%
Renewable electricity
2070
Target: −45%
21.0M
Population
Emission Breakdown by Sector
How Mumbai's emissions are distributed across key sectors.
22%
33%
28%
12%
Transport22%
~11.1Mt CO₂e
Buildings33%
~16.6Mt CO₂e
Industry28%
~14.1Mt CO₂e
Waste12%
~6.0Mt CO₂e
Other5%
~2.5Mt CO₂e
Mumbai vs India National Average
Mumbai
2.4t
per capita
India avg
1.9t
per capita
Mumbai's per-capita emissions exceed the India national average by 26%. This is driven by buildings (33% of emissions) and a grid intensity of 720 gCO2/kWh.
Electricity Grid Profile
Grid Carbon Intensity
720 gCO₂/kWh
High — significant fossil fuel dependence
Renewable Share
12%
Climate Target
Target Year
2070
Reduction Goal
45%
Mumbai aims to cut emissions by 45% by 2070. Achieving this will require significant shifts in buildings and continued growth in renewable energy.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the carbon footprint of Mumbai?
Mumbai emits approximately 2.4 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person per year (2022 data). The city's total emissions are around 50.3 million tonnes annually, with a population of 21.0 million.
How does Mumbai compare to the India national average?
Mumbai's per-capita emissions of 2.4t are 26% above the India national average of 1.9t per capita. Key contributors include a heavy industrial base.
What are Mumbai's biggest sources of emissions?
The largest emission source in Mumbai is buildings at 33% of total emissions, followed by other sectors. Transport accounts for 22%, buildings for 33%, and industry for 28%.
What are Mumbai's climate targets?
Mumbai has set a target to reduce emissions by 45% by 2070. The city's electricity grid currently has a carbon intensity of 720 gCO2/kWh, with 12% of electricity from renewable sources.
How clean is Mumbai's electricity grid?
Mumbai's grid is relatively carbon-intensive at 720 gCO2/kWh. Only 12% of electricity comes from renewable sources, indicating significant room for decarbonisation.
Data Sources
- C40 Cities / Mumbai Climate Action Plan (2022)
- C40 Cities Climate Data
- Our World in Data — CO₂ Emissions
Per-capita values depend on city boundary definitions and emission scoping methodology. Figures represent scope 1 and 2 emissions unless otherwise stated.
